scope

# x is global

x = 1
print(x, "- before sub")

def f():
    #print(x, "- inside before declaration")  # UnboundLocalError
    x = 2
    print(x, "- inside sub")

print(x, "- after sub declaration")

f()

print(x, "- after calling sub")

# 1 - before sub
# 1 - after sub declaration
# 2 - inside sub
# 1 - after calling sub

# x is global

def f():
    #print(x, "- inside before declaration")  # UnboundLocalError
    x = 2
    print(x, "- inside sub")

x = 1
print(x, "- before calling sub")
  
print(x, "- after sub declaration")

f()

print(x, "- after calling sub")

# 1 - before calling sub
# 1 - after sub declaration
# 2 - inside sub
# 1 - after calling sub

If we declare a variable outside of all the subroutines, it does not matter if we do it before the sub declaration, or after it. In neither case has the global variable any presence inside the sub.

def f():
    x = 2
    print(x, "- inside sub")

# print(x, " - after sub declaration")  # NameError

f()

# print(x, " - after calling sub")   # NameError

# 2 - inside sub

A name declared inside a subroutine is not visible outside.

def f():
    global x
    # print(x)  # NameError
    x = 2
    print(x, "- inside sub")

# print(x, " - after sub declaration")  # NameError

f()

print(x, "- after calling sub")

# 2 - inside sub
# 2 - after calling sub

Unless it was marked using the global word.