Python Turtle

Turtle

Line

getturtle
forward
exitonclick

Without the call to turtle.exitonclick() at the end of the program it would automatically close the window and we would not be able to see anything. This command installs an event-handler so when we click on the mouse it will end the application.

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.forward(100)

turtle.exitonclick()

Square (forward, left)

forward
left

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.forward(100)
trt.left(90)
trt.forward(100)
trt.left(90)
trt.forward(100)
trt.left(90)
trt.forward(100)

turtle.exitonclick()

Circle

circle

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.circle(100)

turtle.exitonclick()

Square using the circle command

steps

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.circle(100, steps=4)

turtle.exitonclick()

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.right(45)
trt.circle(100, steps=4)

turtle.exitonclick()

Triangle

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.circle(100, steps=3)

turtle.exitonclick()

Move turtle without drawing (penup, pendown, goto)

penup
pendown
goto

Coordinates (0, 0) are in the middle of the screen.

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.circle(30)
trt.penup()
trt.goto(200, 0)
trt.pendown()
trt.circle(50)

turtle.exitonclick()

Turtle house

right
forward
goto

import turtle

def house():
    trt = turtle.getturtle()

    for i in range(4):
        trt.forward(50)
        trt.right(90)
    trt.goto(25, 25)
    trt.goto(50, 0)

house()

turtle.exitonclick()

Turtle screen

getscreen
bgcolor

import turtle

scr = turtle.getscreen()

scr.bgcolor('blue')

turtle.exitonclick()

Tutle onclick - mouse click event

import turtle
import time

scr = turtle.getscreen()
t = turtle.getturtle()

#s.onclick(lambda x, y: t.left(10) )
scr.onclick(lambda x, y: print(x, y), btn=1 )
scr.onclick(lambda x, y: print('middle'), btn=2 )
scr.onclick(lambda x, y: print('right'), btn=3 )

scr.mainloop()

#while True:
#    t.forward(1)
#    #time.sleep(0.1)

Turle Commands

docs
forward(distance), fd
backward(distance), bk
left(angle), lt
right(angle), rt
goto(x, y)
home() goto(0,0) - the center
pos() - get current position
penup()
pendown()
clear()
circle(radius), circle(radius, extent, steps)
dot() ???

Turtle Colors

Named Colors See the names
Hex Code - use a color picker
Color Tuple r,g,b each one goes from 0-1
color
pencolor
fillcolor
s.bgcolor
begin_fill + end_fill

import turtle

t = turtle.getturtle()

t.forward(50)

t.color("blue")
t.forward(50)

t.color("green", "yellow")
t.forward(50)

t.pencolor("purple")
t.fillcolor("orange")
t.forward(50)


turtle.exitonclick()

import turtle

t = turtle.getturtle()

t.fillcolor("orange")

t.begin_fill()
t.circle(30)

t.end_fill()

turtle.exitonclick()

Turtle shape

shapesize
shape('square')

import turtle

trt = turtle.getturtle()
trt.shapesize(3, 5)  # height, width , default is 1,1
trt.forward(50)


trt.shape('classic')
trt.shape('arrow')
trt.shape('circle')
trt.shape('triangle')
trt.shape('square')
trt.shape('turtle')

turtle.exitonclick()

Turtle speed

speed (1-10)
pen(pencolor=, fillcolor=, pensize=, speed=)

Undo the turtle

undo()
undobufferentries()
setundobuffer(17)
clear()
reset()
showturtle()
hideturtle()
stamp()
clearstamp(N)

Create new turtle

x = turtle.Turtle()

Clone a turtle

y = t.clone()

import turtle

# based on the example in the documentation

t = turtle.getturtle()
t.color('red', 'yellow')
t.begin_fill()
while True:
    t.forward(100)
    t.left(190)
    if abs(t.pos()) < 1:
        break
t.end_fill()

turtle.exitonclick()

import turtle

t = turtle.getturtle()

while True:
    res = turtle.numinput("Angles?", "How many angles?", default=3, minval=3, maxval = 180)
    if res is None:
        break
    t.clear()
    print(res)
    t.circle(100, steps=int(res))

import turtle

t = turtle.getturtle()

res = turtle.numinput("Angles?", "How many angles?", default=3, minval=3, maxval = 180)
print(res)
t.circle(100, steps=int(res))

turtle.exitonclick()

import turtle

t = turtle.getturtle()

res = turtle.textinput("Shape?", "Which shape shall I draw? rectangle or triangle ?")
print(res)
if res == 'triangle':
    t.circle(100, steps=3)
elif res == 'rectangle':
    t.circle(100, steps=4)
else:
    pass
    

turtle.exitonclick()

import turtle

def screen_details():
    scr = turtle.getscreen()
    print(dir(scr))
    print(scr.screensize())
    print(scr.window_width())
    print(scr.window_height())

def draw_top_box():
    trt = turtle.getturtle()
    scr = turtle.getscreen()
    speed = trt.speed()
    print(speed)
    trt.speed(0)
    trt.penup()
    trt.setpos(20-scr.window_width()/2, scr.window_height()/2-20)
    trt.pendown()
    trt.setheading(0)
    trt.forward(scr.window_width()-40)
    trt.setheading(270)
    trt.forward(200)
    trt.setheading(180)
    trt.forward(scr.window_width()-40)
    trt.write("GitHub", font=("Arial", 30, 'normal'))
    trt.setheading(90)
    trt.forward(200)

    trt.speed(speed)

#turtle.bye()
def click(x, y):
    print('click at', x, y)
def button():
    print("button")

def main():
    trt = turtle.getturtle()
    scr = turtle.getscreen()
    scr.onclick(click)
    #scr.onkey(button,  'a')
    #scr.listen() # is needed to make the onkey settings work
    screen_details()
    draw_top_box()
    turtle.mainloop()

    #turtle.exitonclick()

main()

Keyboard shortcuts

Python Turtle